To What Extent Garlic and Royal Honey Mitigating the Gastric Toxicity Induced by Bisphenol A in Adult Albino Rats: Histological, immunohistochemical and Scanning Electron Microscopic study

Gad, Samar Fawzy; El Gebaly, Eman Abdel Mohsen; Mohamed, Mona Atya; Asaad, Marian Victor

doi:10.21608/bmfj.2025.390708.2449

To What Extent Garlic and Royal Honey Mitigating the Gastric Toxicity Induced by Bisphenol A in Adult Albino Rats: Histological, immunohistochemical and Scanning Electron Microscopic study

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ Anatomy and embryology faculty of medicine benha university Egypt Anatomy and embryology faculty of medicine benha national university Egypt

² clinical pharmacology-Faculty of medicine- Benha University clinical pharmacology-Faculty of Benha national University

³ Histology & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University Histology & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha national University

⁴ anatomy & embryology faculty of medicine Benha university

10.21608/bmfj.2025.390708.2449

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) is among the most industrial compounds worldwide. BPA belongs to a group of compounds that are categorized as endocrine disruptive chemicals resulting in multi organ toxicities. Garlic, a natural plant, has a recorded history in ancient medicine. Royal Honey possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties against many contaminants.

Aim: to compare effect of aged garlic extract (AGE) and royal honey (RH) on protection against gastric mucosal damage by Bisphenol A consumption.

For the study, four equal groups of forty rats were established. The control group had ten rats. For 28 days, the remaining thirty rats were given an oral dosage of 50 mg/kg of bisphenol A; ten rats of whom were assigned to group II. Other ten rats (group III) were pretreated with AGE (200 mg/kg) daily orally one hour before Bisphenol A. whereas the remaining ten rats (group IV) were pretreated with RH (250 mg/kg) daily orally one hour before Bisphenol A. The stomach was investigated using Haematoxylin and Eosin, a scanning electron microscope, Periodic Acid Schiff stain, caspase 3 and TNF- α immunostaining.

Bisphenol A treated group showed cell degeneration and erosions on the epithelial surface. The cytoplasmic reactivity of TNF- α and caspase 3 immunostaining is elevated, indicating a malfunction in the gastric mucosa. The pretreatment of AGE and RH mitigates the histopathological alterations with a significant decrease in TNF- α and caspase 3 immunreactivity.

This study highlights the protective effects of natural compounds against BPA-induced gastric mucosal damage by reducing inflammation and apoptosis markers.

Keywords