Lung Ultrasound versus Chest X-ray for Diagnosing Pulmonary Disorders in Neonatal Age Group

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

1 M.B.B.CH – Faculty of Medicine – Benha University Resident at diagnostic and Interventional Radiology department Faculty of Medicine, Benha University

2 Professor of Diagnostic Radiology Faculty of Medicine-Benha University

3 Lecturer of Diagnostic Radiology Faculty of Medicine -Benha University

Abstract

Background: The neonatal period is characterized by critical physiological transitions, especially within the respiratory system, predisposing neonates to a spectrum of pulmonary disorders. Respiratory distress remains one of the most common indications for neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. Imaging is essential for early diagnosis and management. Lung ultrasound (LUS) has gained attention as a valuable diagnostic tool compared to the traditional chest X-ray (CXR), offering advantages in terms of safety and bedside availability.

Subjects and methods: This prospective study was conducted at Benha University Hospitals between February 2024 and September 2024, involving 100 neonates diagnosed with respiratory disorders. The study compared lung ultrasound (LUS) and chest X-ray (CXR) for the diagnosis of pulmonary pathologies. Included patients were full-term or preterm neonates below 28 days of age, presenting with low birth weight and respiratory distress. Standardized protocols were used for both imaging modalities. Results: Lung ultrasound showed superior diagnostic performance compared to chest X-ray in identifying common neonatal respiratory conditions such as hyaline membrane disease (HMD), transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN), pneumonia, and pneumothorax. LUS proved to be a highly valuable diagnostic tool in the neonatal intensive care setting. Conclusions: Lung ultrasound is a non-invasive, radiation-free, bedside tool with high diagnostic accuracy. It complements chest X-ray and may serve as a reliable alternative in many cases of neonatal respiratory distress.

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