Prevalence of Risk Factors in Egyptian Patients with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases in Benha City: Hospital Based Cross Sectional Study

Shahin, Alaa M.; Saleh, Mohamed S.; Elbadawy, Ayman M.; Ibrahim, Walaa M.; Abdelmoniem, Rasha O.

doi:10.21608/bmfj.2025.407136.2572

Prevalence of Risk Factors in Egyptian Patients with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases in Benha City: Hospital Based Cross Sectional Study

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University

² Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.

10.21608/bmfj.2025.407136.2572

Abstract

Background: Atherosclerosis is a leading global cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Understanding the distribution of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors across atherosclerotic conditions is essential for effective prevention. This study assessed the pattern of risk factors among Egyptian patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), and peripheral artery disease (PAD). Methods: This cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted at Benha University Hospital over 12 months (August 2023–July 2024). A total of 1,000 adult patients with documented CAD (n=317), CVD (n=301), or PAD (n=382) were enrolled from inpatient and outpatient departments. Clinical, anthropometric, and laboratory data were collected. Results: There were no statistically significant differences among the groups regarding age, gender, residence, smoking status, BMI, or waist circumference. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia was high but evenly distributed across CAD, CVD, and PAD groups (p > 0.05). Significant overlap in vascular comorbidities was noted (p < 0.001). Laboratory parameters including fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL levels showed no significant differences between groups. Conclusion: This study highlights a homogenous pattern of modifiable and non-modifiable atherosclerosis risk factors across CAD, CVD, and PAD among Egyptian patients. The high prevalence of shared risk factors underscores the need for integrated screening and preventive strategies targeting the entire cardiovascular continuum.

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